Off-gassing refers to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air from materials within a new mattress, especially those made with various chemicals and synthetic materials. When a mattress is compressed and packed in plastic wrap for shipping, these compounds remain trapped until the mattress is unwrapped and begins to “breathe.” This outgassing can lead to a noticeable odor and, for some people, it can cause irritation or allergic reactions.
Understanding VOCs and Their Impact on Sleep
What are Volatile Organic Compounds?
VOCs are chemicals that can vaporize at room temperature and enter the air we breathe. They are commonly found in household products, including cleaning agents, building materials, and home furnishings. In the context of mattresses, VOCs can be emitted from the foam, adhesives, and fire-retardant materials.
Health Implications of VOCs in Mattresses
While the majority of individuals may not experience severe reactions to the off-gassing of a new mattress, some people might be more sensitive. Common symptoms related to VOC exposure can include headaches, nausea, eye, nose, and throat irritation, and dizziness. Long-term exposure to high levels of VOCs has been associated with more serious health issues, although the levels in mattresses typically dissipate and are considered lower risk.
Common Sources of Off-Gassing in Mattresses
The materials and processes used in making a mattress can contribute to how much off-gassing a user might experience. Let’s explore these sources.
Our Top 5 Mattress Picks
Updated September 2026EGOHOME 8-Inch Green Tea Memory Foam Mattress, Full, Medium Firm
Best for most bedrooms. A medium-firm green tea memory foam mattress with a cooling gel layer, delivered rolled in a box.
- Full size, 8 in
- Medium firm
- Cooling green tea gel
- CertiPUR-US, fiberglass free
OhGeni Queen Air Mattress with Built-in Pump, 18-Inch Raised
Best for guests and camping. Inflates in about three minutes with the built-in pump and sits 18 inches off the floor, so it feels like a real bed.
- Queen, 18 in raised
- Built-in pump
- 800 lb capacity
- Waterproof PVC
Novilla 6-Inch Gel Memory Foam Mattress, Twin
Best budget twin. A slim gel memory foam twin that suits kids' rooms, bunk beds and trundles where a thick mattress won't fit.
- Twin, 6 in
- Gel memory foam
- Cooling
- CertiPUR-US
Zinus 8-Inch Green Tea Memory Foam Mattress, Twin
Best-known brand. Zinus's long-running green tea foam design in twin size, with both CertiPUR-US and OEKO-TEX certified materials.
- Twin, 8 in
- Green tea memory foam
- CertiPUR-US & OEKO-TEX
GAESTE 8-Inch Cooling Gel Memory Foam Mattress, Full, Medium Feel
Best for hot sleepers. Cooling gel memory foam with a medium feel, plus a machine-washable, anti-slip cover you can actually clean.
- Full size, 8 in
- Medium feel
- Cooling gel foam
- Washable cover
- Fiberglass free
Memory Foam and Polyurethane Foams
Memory foam, made from polyurethane with added chemicals to increase its viscosity and density, tends to produce more VOCs due to these additional chemicals. Polyurethane foam, commonly utilized in many mattresses, can also be a significant source of off-gassing.
Flame Retardants and Other Chemicals
To comply with federal flammability standards, manufacturers often treat mattresses with flame-retardant chemicals, which can also contribute to VOC emissions. Some brands may use natural alternatives, like wool, which naturally resist flames and reduce off-gassing.
Adhesives and Glues
The adhesives used to bond layers of foam and other materials together can emit VOCs. Water-based adhesives tend to off-gas less than solvent-based alternatives.
Minimizing Exposure to Mattress Off-Gassing
To reduce the potential impact of off-gassing, consider the following tips:
Choosing Mattresses with Certifications
Look for certifications such as CertiPUR-US or GREENGUARD Gold, which indicate the mattress has been tested for low VOC emissions. Organic certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) and GOLS (Global Organic Latex Standard) ensure that materials are natural and have been manufactured under stringent environmental and social criteria.
Allowing the Mattress to Air Out
After purchasing a new mattress, it’s recommended to remove the packaging and allow the mattress to air out in a well-ventilated room for several days before using it. This can greatly reduce the intensity and duration of off-gassing odors.
Considering Mattress Materials
Natural materials like organic latex, cotton, and wool have minimal off-gassing compared to synthetic materials and can be a good choice for those who are sensitive to smells or have allergies.
Maintaining a Ventilated Bedroom
Ensure that your bedroom is well-ventilated, with fresh air regularly circulating to help disperse any emitted VOCs.
The Lifespan of Off-Gassing in Mattresses
The off-gassing process varies from mattress to mattress. It generally peaks within the first few hours to days after unpacking. However, it can continue at lower levels for weeks or sometimes months, depending on the type of materials used and the environment. Over time, the emission of VOCs will decrease to negligible levels.
Measuring VOCs in Mattress Off-Gassing
Scientists can quantify VOCs released from mattresses using various instruments and methods, typically in lab settings. Chamber tests are a standard way to measure VOC emission where a mattress is placed in a sealed chamber and the air is tested over time for VOC levels.
Addressing Potential Concerns of Off-Gassing
For those concerned about off-gassing, a good rule of thumb is to research mattress brands and materials before purchasing. Communicate with manufacturers about the components they use and how they mitigate off-gassing. Avoiding synthetic materials, opting for certified products, and airing out new mattresses are proactive steps that can minimize exposure.
Finishing Thoughts
Off-gassing from mattresses is a natural process that results from the unpacking of a new mattress made with synthetic materials. While this might cause discomfort for some, it is generally considered a temporary and low-risk issue. By opting for certified lower-VOC or natural mattresses, airing them out, and maintaining a well-ventilated bedroom, sleepers can enjoy their new mattress with peace of mind. Understanding the materials, manufacturing processes, and how they interact with our sleeping environment can enable consumers to make informed decisions for a healthy night’s sleep.
